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Jamaat-e-Islami Hind (JIH, Urdu: , Hindi: जमात-ए-इस्लामी हिन्द) is an Islamic organisation in India,〔 founded as an offshoot of the Jamaat-e-Islami, which split into separate independent organisations in India, Pakistan, Bangaladesh and Jammu & Kashmir following the Partition of India in 1947. JIH has been described as having undergone an "ideological transformation" from working to make India an Islamist state to fighting for a secular state.〔 Its founding principle is that Islam is a complete way of life rather than simply a set of worship practices, which would provide "the practical doctrine and programme that can take the place of the failed man-made creeds of the 20th century".〔 In its early years it condemned as ''haram'' (religiously forbidden) both secularism and democracy, but later came to accept and then an "embrace" of both secularism and democracy in post-colonial India.〔 While a relatively small party, with around 10,000 members and 500,000 sympathisers among India's 130 million Muslims,〔 it follows a policy of promoting education, social service, and ecumenical outreach to the community〔Pg 32, INTRODUCTION, A Historical Overview of Islam in South Asia, Islam in South Asia in Practice- by Barbara D. Metcalf Princeton University Press,2009〕 and has involved itself in various humanitarian and relief efforts across many parts of India.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Little Men, Big Water )〕 Jamaat-e-Islami Hind was officially formed in April 1948, at a meeting in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History And Background )〕 The Government of India twice banned the organisation though both decisions were revoked by rulings from the Supreme Court of India.〔 During the mid-1980s, it allowed its members to vote in elections in India.〔(Between moderation and radicalization: transnational interactions of Jamaat-e-Islami of India, IRFAN AHMAD , 15 June 2005 , Global Networks, Volume 5, Issue 3, pages 279–299, July 2005 )〕 By 2002 it was described as "fervently campaigning to defend and strengthen secularism and democracy" in the face of advances by Hindu nationalists. On 18 April 2011, it facilitated the launch of a national political party Welfare Party of India, under a leadership that included top functionaries of the organisation and members from the wider Muslim community and outside, including a Christian priest. ==History== Jamaat-e-Islami as formed on 26 August 1941 at Lahore under the leadership of Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi. After the Partition members of the organisation remaining in what became the Republic of India, re-organised themselves to form an independent party, having its own Constitution and separate leadership and organisational structure from Jamaat-e-Islami, Pakistan. Although India was a Hindu-majority country, and beset by at times violent Hindu-Muslim sectarianism, Maududi believed that there was "at least a 60 per cent chance for Islam’s success" in India—Islam as a complete way of life, devoid of nationalism, socialism, liberalism or any other non-Islamic ideologies. The Indian Jamaat-e-Islami came into being in April 1948 at Allahabad and was officially called "Jamaat-e-Islami Hind". 240 members attended the first meeting and elected Maulana Abul Lais Nadvi as their Amir (leader), and established their Headquarters at Malihabad, Lucknow, U.P. Later, the headquarters was shifted to Rampur in 1949 and then to New Delhi in 1960. Jamaat-e-Islami Hind then underwent a process of reorganisation, reframing its Constitution and written policy. The new constitution came into effect in 13 April 1956. The organisation held an All-India Meet at Rampur (U.P) in 1951 followed by meetings at Hyderabad (1952) Delhi(1960), Hyderabad(1967), Delhi(1974), Hyderabad(1981), Hyderabad (1997) and Delhi (2002).〔(Background of the Formation of the Jamaat )〕 It has also held regional conferences on various occasions in different parts of the country.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Against Evils, For Peace! : The Jamaat meet, attended by more than 70,000 delegates, pledges to strive for an evil-free society )〕 The state chapters of the organisation also hold separate conferences at regular intervals.〔(Jamaat-e-islami Kerala Chapter History – Conferences ) 〕 The organisation was banned twice by the Government of India during its six decades of existence, the first temporarily during the Emergency of 1975–1977〔The Emergency in India – Steve Andors, Christine White; Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, Vol. 7, 1975〕 and then in 1992. While the first was revoked after the Emergency was lifted, the second was reversed by the Supreme Court of India. Issuing its judgement on the ban it remarked about the organisation:〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Supreme Court of India:Jamaat-E-Islami Hind vs Union Of India on 7 December 1994 )〕 as "an All India organisation professing a political, secular and spiritual credentials with belief in the oneness of God and universal brotherhood". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jamaat-e-Islami Hind」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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